There are three main roles within the CDM Regulations that have responsibility for health and safety. The Client, The Principal Contractor and the Principal Designer. While the Client has overall responsibility, the Principal Designer and Principal Contractor have responsibilities depending on the phase of the project. CDM15 introduced us to the new role of Principal Designer while saying goodbye to the CDM Coordinator role.
Every project must have a Principal Designer appointed where required in order to meet the requirements of CDM15.
Any client who requires construction or demolition to be carried out, where more than one contractor is involved, has to appoint a Principal Designer before any design or construction work begins. A Principal Designer must be appointed by the Client in writing, but the role and that of others on site and in design do not necessarily have to be mutually exclusive.
Principal Designers have an important role in influencing how risks to health and safety are managed throughout a project. Design decisions made during the pre-construction phase have a significant influence in ensuring the project is delivered in a way that secures the health and safety of everyone affected by the work. Ultimately, the responsibility to appoint a Principal Designer falls on the Client. If a Principal Designer is not appointed, then the role is passed to the Client, which would be a difficult role for many to fulfil.
Non-compliance regarding the appointment of a Principal Designer could result in criminal proceedings, so appointing a competent Principal Designer is important. People who had been CDM Coordinators under CDM07 might not be able to fulfil the role of Principal Designer, although the definition of designer under CDM15 is open to interpretation. If you are not sure about this then contact Safer Sphere for more information on our Client Advisor & Principal Designer Advisor services.
The Principal Designer must have overall control of the pre-construction period (design and planning stage) of a relevant project and be involved in the preparation of project designs and in instructing other specialists and designers. The Principal Designer will have a technical knowledge of the Construction Industry and will know how to apply health and safety to the design process, relevant to the project.
Advise the client of their duties and assist them with the formulation of the Client CDM Brief.
Plan, manage, monitor and coordinate health and safety in the pre-construction phase. In doing so they must take account of relevant information (such as an existing health and safety file or surveys) that might affect design work carried out both before and after the construction phase has started.
Ensure other designers comply with their duties
Take account of the general Principals of prevention.
Help and advise the client in bringing together pre-construction information, and provide the information that designers and contractors need to carry out their duties.
Work with any other designers on the project to eliminate foreseeable health and safety risks to anyone affected by the work and, where that is not possible, take steps to reduce or control those risks.
Ensure that everyone involved in the pre-construction phase communicates and cooperates, coordinating their work wherever required.
Liaise with the Principal Contractor, keeping them informed of any risks that need to be controlled during the construction phase.
Identify, eliminate or control foreseeable risks to health and safety during the pre-construction phase
Collate and prepare the health and safety file for completion of the project
A Principal Designer will influence the way Health and Safety risks are controlled and how these controls are incorporated into the project overall. During pre-construction, the Principal Designer must plan and manage matters relating to Health and Safety as well as overall monitoring of the project and co-ordinating to ensure that principles of prevention are followed and the project is carried out without risk to health or safety.
Safer Sphere would deliver the Principal Designer role in full compliance with the requirements of the CDM Regulations 2015.
In providing this service we shall provide the following:
RIBA Stage 1 (Brief) to 4 (Technical Design)
Make the client aware of their duties under CDM 2015 with relevance to the project
Attend the site/premises to carry out a full pre-start assessment and review with respect to health and safety considerations required during the design, build and end use;
Work with project parties to obtain, review and profile the required CDM pre- construction safety information. Identify any gaps or information requirements in respect to the CDM pre- construction information;
Ensure all Health and Safety pre-construction information is issued for tender packs and/or direct to the Principal Contractor and other key duty holders as required.
Work with designers and co-ordinate amongst them so that designs pay adequate regard to health and safety in construction, cleaning, use and deconstruction and the effects on third parties.
Attend project meetings as required and/or producing CDM reports throughout the appointment.
Provide safety advice and support for the project team for the duration of the appointment.
RIBA Stage 5 (Specialist Design & Construction 6 (Project Handover)
Safer Sphere can also provide support to the Client on the project in a combined support role to the project rather than the duty holder.
Liaise with the Principal Contractor regarding health and safety matters during the construction phase. Input on design changes as advised, which may affect health and safety during the construction phase or the end use.
Attend project meetings as required and/or producing CDM reports throughout the appointment.
Provide safety advice and support for the project team for the duration of the appointment.
Agree the contents, structure and format of the Health and Safety File along with the collation and transfer arrangements;
Coordinate the creation of a new suitable Health and Safety File, or review, amend or make additions to an existing Health and Safety File. Ensure the Health and Safety File is complete as agreed and handed over to the client/end user at the appropriate time, subject to information being provided and available from the principal contractor and design team.
As part of the Client brief to the project and appointments, it would be prudent to ensure that any responsibilities under CDM Regs 2015 are confirmed. The brief may also include expectations in terms of cooperation, communications and protocols for improvement where things may not go as planned. The priority, however, is to confirm within the brief what is expected. Upon appointment, one of the first deliverables will be to review with the Client the extent of existing record information available and collate it. Safer Sphere would then visit the site of the proposed scheme to undertake a hazard and constraints review to further inform the content of the pre-construction information. Following this, a gap analysis is undertaken in order to advise the design team of the need for any further surveys that may need to be commissioned in order to obtain the prudent level of Pre-Construction Information. By early identification of missing information (for example, asbestos information, ground conditions, structural records, building condition survey, overhead and buried services records, environmental survey) ‘gaps’ can be addressed which reduces the likeliness of a delayed project start and impact on the programme.
As early as possible an initial Pre-Construction Information ‘pack’ (PCI) is generated and issued to the design team. This pack is then used to assist in design development, design risks elimination and mitigation. Ensuring the PCI contains all relevant information will ensure Designers can develop their design fully to address Client requirements and site risks. Where design cannot be fully developed due to uncertainty there is potential for delays to the programme.
The Safer Sphere Hazard & Risk Management Policy and Process (HARM) forms a key part of project design Health and Safety risk elimination, reduction and mitigation, comprehensive methodology and evidence to demonstrate CDM statutory compliance. Part of our HARM process, includes: project-specific HARM Review – project design Health and Safety assessment and assessment of Designers Risk Assessments / design hazard documentation; the HARM Register development – identification and management of significant risks; HARM Workshops – ensuring design team co-operation, co-ordination and focus; HARM design Health and Safety risks communication – information transfer from the HARM Register onto annotated drawings using hazard warning symbols and Health and Safety information boxes. The HARM Register and annotated drawings form key information within the PCI, with residual risks and management information detailed in a project’s Health and Safety File. If Health and Safety risks are identified early and designed out, then construction processes are simplified. Through good design and provision of suitable access, cleaning, maintenance, and replacement strategy information the cost of future operation and maintenance of a building can be significantly reduced.
As the design progresses the PCI is updated with developed information and additional surveys to be issued to the tendering Contractors to inform their submissions and ultimately the project Construction Phase Plan. Safer Sphere would liaise with the successful Contractor to ensure that the PCI is suitable, has been understood and fully incorporated where relevant into the construction proposals.
Safer Sphere will ensure the PCI is supplied as soon as possible to every Designer and Contractor appointed. This information should already be in the clients possession and will contain items such as an existing Health and Safety File, structural drawings, asbestos survey reports, etc. The types of information that we would request, and review as part of our gap analysis process, include:
Client brief and requirements
Key dates during the Construction Phase
Geotechnical and contaminated land surveys
Services Location (private and public)
Structural/building safety reports
Survey reports for hazardous materials (e.g. asbestos)
Survey reports for hazardous areas (e.g. confined spaces)
Survey reports for hazardous locations (e.g. fragile roofs)
Site access and other restrictions
Local environment conditions and adjacent land uses
Neighbours (e.g. schools)
The current Health and Safety File
Proposed site rules for occupied sites (e.g. existing permits)
The proximity of watercourses, transport systems, etc.
Any history of previous damage (e.g. from fire)
We will assist the group in obtaining this information and then bring this information together in a full and comprehensive PCI ‘pack’. This efficient process will save time and money by having everything collated and requested in one go. Safer Sphere will attend various design and project meetings to share the most up to date information as effective communication is key to any successful project.
The pre-construction information is initially prepared or made available by the Client with assistance from us for distribution to the Designers. Once all the relevant information has been supplied, Safer Sphere will put together the completed pre-construction information and distribute this out to the relevant project teams.
The Principal Contractor’s Construction Phase Plan (CPP) is developed on design Health and Safety information provided as part of PCI, and any existing Health and Safety File. As part of our Principal Designer Role, Safer Sphere will ensure design Health and Safety risks identified by the design team are addressed in the CPP to promote good site Health and Safety management. Throughout the construction phase, Safer Sphere will liaise with the Principal Contractor on any design Health and Safety matter.
If a Health and Safety File does not already exist or needs updating, Safer Sphere will produce this.
We will work with the project team to obtain a variety of information from various sources such as Asbestos reports. They key people we will work with and coordinate information with are:
Designers – Designers Risk Assessments are key factors when preparing the Health and Safety File as they will contain an indication of any residual risks associated with the design.
The Principal Contractor – The information required by the Principal Contractor will contain the construction sequences for the work and will also detail the materials and any substances.
Architect – information on the overall description, the concept of the building, use and context. Provide access, cleaning and maintenance strategies for the building.
Structural Engineers – Information provided by Engineers will contain vital details of load-bearing structures, demolition strategy, imposes loadings on floors, guardrails and the details of the location and foundations.
Building Services Engineers – These specialists will have details of plant and equipment, replacement, operating and maintenance manuals, location of services etc.
Specialist Contractors – These Contractors will have specialist details on various items such as weight loading, cleaning methods etc.
As Principal Designer, we will coordinate the information to ensure that it is included in the Health and Safety File. A structured Health and Safety file will be produced in an agreed format and securely distributed to the relevant members of the project team.
A Health and Safety File information tracker is assembled to identify the parties responsible for the relevant information. As the project progresses, as designs and packages of work are completed the information for the File is requested, obtained, reviewed and accepted to the “live” Health and Safety File. On completion, the finalised File is transferred from the Principal Designer to the Client for their ongoing management, maintenance, and operation of the structure.
During the pre-construction and construction phases the Health and Safety File (File) is prepared, developed, updated and issued at project construction completion. From Safer Sphere’s initial and ongoing engagement with the design/project team, file requirements will be highlighted, in particular, the need for detailed access, cleaning, maintenance and replacement strategies, etc. File compilation and progress status is identified and managed through the Safer Sphere Health and Safety File Information Tracker which identifies File info requirements, the provider, issue status, review status, and acceptance status.
Safer Sphere will assess the Principal Contractor’s Construction Phase Plan (CPP) and report to the Client regarding the completeness of the CPP and whether it is sufficient to allow works to commence on site. In addition, a Safer Sphere Welfare and Site Setup Assessment (utilising I-Auditor), is undertaken as soon as site set up is complete.
Safer Sphere also offer a wide range of site and Workplace Health and Safety audits and inspections services using bespoke Safer Sphere I-Auditor proformas. As we do for many of our CDM Clients, we offer site Health and Safety inspection to monitor Principal Contractors performance and site Health and Safety standards. Site inspections allow non-conformances and remedial actions identifications, and I-Auditor allows analysis of issues/trends at the individual project level and across a Client’s portfolio. This site monitoring service allows Safer Sphere to identify Health and Safety compliance issues and promote industry ‘best practice’.
A site inspection schedule will be drawn up for the regular audits/inspections. Any additional audits that are required will be communicated and planned in. Following the inspections/audits, Safer Sphere will produce a compressive report which will be sent and discussed to identify any potential improvements as well as praising good practices. Safer Sphere will provide support to the contractor where necessary and assist workers and employees with safer working measures. Our reports can be as detailed or as simple as required and are very clear, concise and easy to understand. A standard report would include, what has been inspected, whether improvements are required and will contain practical advice and images of the observations made on the day as evidence.
Safer Sphere utilises an auditing engine application whereby we can apply any number of audit templates to the software. It is our intention to agree on the content of the audit and finalise a specific template. The application is I-Auditor which can be placed on mobile devices and will produce a report based on the information inputted by our consultant during any walkarounds.
The report is then signed by the inspector and the escorting contractor site manager that all is a true record of the inspection. The reports highlight both good and bad practices, giving a percentage scoring for the site in each category and an overall. I-Auditor was utilised to prepare the above-noted report, and the great news is, the report is issued before even leaving the site.
Safer Sphere has a number of risk assessments established for common construction tasks and operations. We can also develop, in conjunction with contractors, specific construction risk assessments for particular activities in order to provide Medicines Discover Catapult with a database of relevant assessment. Safer Sphere can also review existing risk assessments to establish any betterment in search of best practice and continual improvement.
Our consultants will review all the documentation relating to a site’s health and safety prior to the site visit to understand the development/project and what RIBA stage the project is up.
Once we arrive on site we will meet with the contractor and explain our role and how we can support him/her with the safety on the site. We will then obtain a brief overview of the site, such as timescales and stages and ascertain any safety concerns that the contractor already has. We will then ask to be escorted around the site, noting down our observations and chatting with workers during the inspection. We feel that it is important to engage with the workers on site whilst we carry out the audit and provide helpful suggestions and safety advice as well as providing praise and general chat to ensure that they feel comfortable.
The site appraisal will advise relevant parties whether the site is safe and look at any potential site risks such as supervision, welfare facilities, employee PPE etc. If an issue is spotted, we will endeavour to get that issue corrected there and then as a corrective measure whilst still noting down the issue in the report. Once the inspection has taken place, we would discuss the findings in a meeting directly afterwards and check any relevant paperwork and documentation relevant to the audit. The report will then be agreed and sent to the contractor and Medicines Discovery Catapult on the same day, clearly stating any issues, concerns and preventative measures taken. As Health and Safety Consultants, we have the ability to check worker competency on site including contractor competency, however, we feel that role would not necessarily call for this unless specifically needed or requested by Medicines Discovery Catapult. However, should an issue arise during the audit that could be caused from a lack of resources on site for example, then we would look at the competency of the contractor and whether they are qualified and experienced enough to deliver the role. We aim to gain the trust of all the contractors so that they will work with us and see that we are there to help improve safety on the site not to catch them out. We use the ‘Plan, Do, Check, Act’ approach to site inspections which means that we want to improve safety and fix the negatives. We do not want to see re-occurring themes in audits and want to remedy these issues before they escalate. We will review the previous audit before the next audit and also review this with the contractor to show areas of improvement and to identify continued risks.
Our end reports that you will receive will contain any issues along with proof of these issues in the form of photographic evidence. Safer Sphere will not just comment on the things that the contractor is doing right in the report or things that need to be improved but we will also advise and guide through best practice as a way of prevention. We will look at control measures to minimise risks on site and look at any risk that could cause injury or ill health. Any site that is deemed a concern will be monitored closely and with full disclosure. We will work with the contractor and site representatives to ensure the site is brought back up to a safe standard and maintained to avoid any potential injuries or any action being taken by the HSE in the form of enforcement notices during any HSE site checks.
We aim to help you ensure that your sites are safe, and prevention is key to this. In the unfortunate instance that an incident or accident occurs on site, Safer Sphere will be there to conduct an Accident and Incident Investigation and report back on your behalf. Our trained investigators will compile a comprehensive investigation pack complete with any necessary evidence to enable any areas of improvement to prevent reoccurrences. We can also provide assistance in reporting of RIDDOR reportable incidents, injuries or occurrences. If an incident occurs, we undergo a deep investigation and conduct a root cause analysis. The root cause of any accident/incident is the most basic cause that can reasonably be identified.
The root cause analysis will:
Identify the system that failed
Map the system to causation
Identify the management failure
Identify the root cause
Construction Health and Safety
Safer Sphere also has the ability and experience to provide health and safety training in the implementation of a simple Risk Assessment, Method Statement and Permit to Work Systems for operation at a site level should this be required. Our team would work with Medicines Discovery Catapult and site operatives to develop custom templates and assessments that suit the project need.
Edward Pavilion,
Liverpool, Merseyside, L3 4AF